What if?

The purpose of this section of the website is to get you thinking about how historical events could have turned out differently. Can you answer the following what if... questions? Can you think of your own questions?

The Norman Conquest and The Battle of Hastings

What if Hardrada had not lost the Battle of Stamford Bridge (after all, he was undefeated until this point)


What if Edgar Atheling has been a young man in 1066, not a young boy?


What if Hardrada had never invaded England meaning Godwinson and his men only had to fight one battle, the Battle of Hastings?

What if the Pope had not given his support to William the Conqueror’s claim to the English throne?

Medieval Realms

It is said that over 1000 years ago, a Viking Trader and adventurer named Thorfinn Karlsefni unsuccessfully settled in America. What if he had been successful?

What if King John had refused to sign the Magna Carta?

The plague of 1348 is estimated to have killed between 30% – 60% of the population, what if it had been more / less deadly?

What if the Crusades had never been launched?

The Tudors

What if Henry VII had not won the Battle of Bosworth?








What if Henry VIII’s older brother, Arthur, had not died before becoming king?

What if Henry VIII and his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, had had a son?

John Hawkins was England's first slave trader. In 1562 he sailed from Plymouth with three ships and kidnapped about 400 Africans in Guinea. Later he traded them in the West Indies. What if this first voyage has resulted in Hawkins being shipwrecked?

What if Edward VI had not died at a young age?

What if Mary I had lived long enough to produce an heir?

What if Elizabeth I had married and had an heir?

What if the Spanish Armada had been successful?

The Industrial Revolution

What if the Industrial Revolution had never happened?


What if GB had not had a wealth of coal as a natural resource?

What if GB had not been the first nation to industrialise?

What if slavery had been abolished in 1807, not the salve trade?

What if the steam engine had been invented outside of GB?

What if there were health and safety laws in place to protect all workers?

What if GB’s agriculture had not been able to support a growing population?

In 1780 less than 3% of population could vote. What if everyone had the right to vote?

International Relations - World War One and World War Two

What if GB had not honoured the “scrap of paper” to defend Belgium? (The Treaty of London, 1839)

What if the Schlieffen plan had been successful?

What if the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand had not been successful in June 1914?

What if the Treaty of Versailles had not punished Germany so harshly?

During World War One Adolf Hitler was a soldier in the Germany army. What if Hitler had been killed in action during World War One?

What if America had joined the League of Nations?

What if the Wall Street stock market had not crashed in 1929?

What if a policy of appeasement had not been followed by the British Prime Minister, Chamberlain?

What if Japan had not attacked Pearl Harbour?

What if Germany had not invaded the USSR in 1941?

What if GB had not cracked the enigma code?

What if Germany had won World War Two?

Nazi Germany

In 1907 and 1908 Hitler was rejected from the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna. What if he had been accepted in 1907?



What if Hitler had been given a much harsher prison sentence after the Munich Putsch?

What if the Wiemar Republic had been able to deal successfully with the economic impact of the Wall Street Crash?

What if the different Communist and Socialist parties had worked together against the Nazis instead of competing with one another?


What if Hindenburg had not died in 1934

What if there had been public outcry and opposition from German citizens at the events of Kristallnacht?

On 20th July 1944 an attempt was made to kill Hitler, this was known as the Stauffenberg bomb plot. What if this bomb plot had been successful in killing Hitler?

What if Hitler had not killed himself on 30 April 1945?

Just for fun!

What if the political leaders of the twentieth century were expected to fight on the front line of the wars they declared?


What if Christianity had not been brought to Europe through the Roman empire?

What if American Presidents could serve more than two terms?

What if gunpowder had never been invented?